Buɗe Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa Tare da Na'urorin Batir Na Cigaba
Yayin da ƙoƙarin duniya na yaƙi da sauyin yanayi ke ƙaruwa, ci gaba a fasahar batir na tasowa a matsayin masu ba da damar haɓaka makamashin da ake sabuntawa da kuma lalata abubuwa. Daga ma'auni na ma'auni na grid zuwa motocin lantarki (EVs), batura masu zuwa na gaba suna sake fasalin dorewar makamashi yayin da suke magance ƙalubale masu mahimmanci a farashi, aminci, da tasirin muhalli.
Nasarorin Kimiyyar Baturi
Ci gaban baya-bayan nan a madadin sinadarai na baturi yana canza yanayin:
- Iron-Sodium Battery: Inlyte Energy's baƙin ƙarfe-sodium baturi nuna 90% zagaye-fifi dacewa da kuma rike da damar sama da 700 hawan keke, bayar da rahusa, m ajiya ga hasken rana da makamashi makamashi.
- Batura masu ƙarfi-jihar: Ta hanyar maye gurbin guraben ruwa masu ƙonewa tare da madaidaicin madadin, waɗannan batura suna haɓaka aminci da ƙarfin kuzari. Yayin da matsalolin haɓakawa suka kasance, yuwuwarsu a cikin EVs-ƙarfafa kewayon da rage haɗarin wuta-yana canzawa.
- Batirin Lithium-sulfur (Li-S).: Tare da ka'idar makamashi yawa nisa fiye da lithium-ion, Li-S tsarin nuna alƙawari ga jirgin sama da grid ajiya. Sabbin abubuwa a cikin ƙirar lantarki da ƙirar lantarki suna fuskantar ƙalubalen tarihi kamar rufewar polysulfide.
Magance Kalubalen Dorewa
Duk da ci gaba, farashin muhalli na ma'adinan lithium yana nuna buƙatu na gaggawa don madadin kore:
- Hakar lithium na gargajiya yana cinye albarkatu masu yawa na ruwa (misali, ayyukan brine na Atacama na Chile) kuma yana fitar da ~ ton 15 na CO₂ kowace tan na lithium.
- Masu bincike na Stanford kwanan nan sun fara wani hanyar hakar sinadarai na lantarki, yanke amfani da ruwa da hayaki yayin inganta inganci.
Haɓakar Maɗaukakin Zaɓuɓɓuka
Sodium da potassium suna samun karɓuwa a matsayin masu ɗorewa:
- Batura na Sodium-ion yanzu suna hamayya da lithium-ion a cikin ƙarfin kuzari a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayin zafi, tare da Mujallar Physics tana nuna saurin haɓakarsu don EVs da grid ajiya.
- Tsarin Potassium-ion yana ba da fa'idodin kwanciyar hankali, kodayake haɓaka yawan kuzari yana gudana.
Tsawaita Tsawon Rayuwar Batir Don Tattalin Arzikin Da'ira
Tare da batura EV suna riƙe da ƙarfin 70-80% bayan amfani da abin hawa, sake amfani da sake amfani da su suna da mahimmanci:
- Aikace-aikace na Rayuwa ta Biyu: Batir EV mai ritaya yana ba da ikon wurin zama ko ajiyar makamashi na kasuwanci, yana ba da damar sabuntawa.
- Sabbin Sabbin Sabbin abubuwaHanyoyi na ci gaba kamar farfadowa na hydrometallurgical yanzu suna fitar da lithium, cobalt, da nickel yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka ~5% kawai na batirin lithium ana sake yin fa'ida a yau, ƙasa da ƙimar gubar-acid 99%.
- Direbobin manufofi kamar EU's Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) wajabcin ɗaukar masana'antun da alhakin sarrafa ƙarshen rayuwa.
Ci gaban Siyasa da Haɗin kai
Shirye-shiryen duniya suna haɓaka canjin yanayi:
- Dokar EU ta Critical Raw Materials Act tana tabbatar da juriya ga sarkar kayayyaki yayin inganta sake amfani da su.
- Dokokin gine-ginen Amurka suna ba da kuɗin R&D baturi, haɓaka haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu.
- Binciken ladabtarwa, kamar aikin MIT akan tsufan baturi da fasahar hakar Stanford, gadar ilimi da masana'antu.
Zuwa Tsarin Mu'amalar Makamashi Mai Dorewa
Hanyar zuwa net-zero yana buƙatar fiye da ƙarin haɓakawa. Ta hanyar ba da fifikon sinadarai masu amfani da albarkatu, dabarun zagayowar rayuwa, da haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen duniya, batura masu zuwa na iya ƙarfafa tsaftataccen makoma-daidaita tsaro na makamashi tare da lafiyar duniya. Kamar yadda Clare Gray ta jaddada a cikin lacca ta MIT, "Makomar wutar lantarki ta rataya akan batura waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi kawai, amma masu dorewa a kowane mataki."
Wannan labarin yana jaddada mahimmancin biyu: haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin ajiya yayin shigar da dorewa a cikin kowace awa-watt da aka samar.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 19-2025
