Gabatarwa
Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai ta China (MIIT) kwanan nan ta fitar da ma'aunin GB38031-2025, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "mafi tsananin umarnin tsaron batiri," wanda ya ba da umarnin cewa duk sabbin motocin makamashi (NEVs) dole ne su cimma "babu wuta, babu fashewa" a cikin mawuyacin hali kafin 1 ga Yuli, 2026126. Wannan muhimmin doka yana nuna babban sauyi a masana'antar, yana mai ba da fifiko ga aminci a matsayin abin da ba za a iya sasantawa ba. A nan, muna bincika buƙatun fasaha na batura da ci gaba da suka dace a cikin Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS) don magance waɗannan ƙalubalen.
1. Ƙa'idojin Tsaro Masu Kyau ga Batir NEV
Ma'aunin GB38031-2025 ya gabatar da tsauraran ma'auni waɗanda ke sake fasalta amincin baturi:
- Rigakafin Gujewa Daga Zafi: Batura dole ne su jure wa yanayi mai tsauri, gami da shigar farce, caji fiye da kima, da kuma fallasa su ga yanayin zafi mai yawa, ba tare da kama wuta ko fashewa ba na akalla mintuna 60. Wannan ya kawar da ra'ayin "lokacin tserewa" na baya, yana buƙatar aminci a cikin rayuwar batirin.
- Ingantaccen Tsarin Gine-gine: Sabbin gwaje-gwaje, kamar juriya ga tasirin ƙasa (kwaikwayon karo da tarkace a kan hanya) da kuma kimanta amincin zagayowar bayan caji mai sauri, suna tabbatar da ƙarfi a cikin yanayin gaske26.
- Haɓaka Yawan Kayan Aiki da Makamashi: Ma'aunin yana tilasta ƙarancin yawan kuzari na 125 Wh/kg ga batirin lithium iron phosphate (LFP), yana tura masana'antun su ɗauki kayan aiki na zamani kamar yadudduka na nano-insulation da rufin yumbu16.
Waɗannan buƙatu za su hanzarta kawar da ƙananan masana'antu yayin da za su haɗa rinjayen shugabannin masana'antu kamar CATL da BYD, waɗanda fasaharsu (misali, CATL's CTP 3.0 da BYD's Blade Battery) sun riga sun yi daidai da sabbin ƙa'idodi26.
2. Juyin Halittar BMS: Daga Kulawa zuwa Tsaro Mai Aiki
A matsayin "kwakwalwar" tsarin batir, dole ne BMS ta haɓaka don cika umarnin GB38031-2025. Manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa sun haɗa da:
a. Takaddun Shaidar Tsaron Aiki Mafi Girma
Dole ne BMS ta cimma mafi girman matakin aminci ga motoci (ASIL-D a ƙarƙashin ISO 26262) don tabbatar da cewa ayyukan da ba su da lahani ba su da lahani. Misali, BMS na ƙarni na huɗu na BAIC New Energy, wanda aka amince da shi a ASIL-D a 2024, ya rage ƙimar lalacewar kayan aiki da kashi 90% ta hanyar sa ido a ainihin lokaci da ƙirar sake amfani da su3. Irin waɗannan tsarin suna da mahimmanci don gano kurakurai da wuri da kuma hana kwararar zafi.
b. Haɗa Fasahar Sanin Ci Gaba
Tsarin gargaɗi da wuri suna da matuƙar muhimmanci. Na'urorin gano iskar hydrogen, kamar waɗanda Xinmeixin ya ƙirƙira, suna gano hayakin iskar gas (misali, H₂) a lokacin da zafin ya fara tashi, suna ba da gargaɗin gaggawa har zuwa mintuna 400. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna MEMS, waɗanda aka ba da takardar shaida a ƙarƙashin AEC-Q100, suna ba da babban ƙarfin aiki da dorewa, wanda ke ba da damar mafita masu aminci masu inganci da inganci, waɗanda za su iya magance matsalar tsaro5.
c. BMS Mai Ingantaccen Tsarin Aiki na Cloud da Ingantaccen Tsarin Aiki na AI
Haɗin girgije yana ba da damar nazarin bayanai na ainihin lokaci da kuma kula da hasashen lokaci. Kamfanoni kamar NXP Semiconductors suna amfani da tagwayen dijital na tushen girgije don inganta algorithms, inganta daidaiton kimanta yanayin caji (SOC) da yanayin lafiya (SOH) da kashi 12% na 7. Wannan canjin yana haɓaka sarrafa jiragen ruwa kuma yana ba da damar dabarun caji masu daidaitawa, yana tsawaita tsawon rayuwar batir.
d. Sabbin Sabbin Kayayyaki Masu Inganci A Tsakanin Karin Kudaden Biyan Ka'ida
Cimma sabbin ƙa'idodi na iya ƙara farashin tsarin batir da kashi 15-20% saboda haɓaka kayan aiki (misali, electrolytes masu hana harshen wuta) da sake fasalin tsarin2. Duk da haka, sabbin abubuwa kamar fasahar CTP ta CATL da tsarin sarrafa zafi mai sauƙi suna taimakawa rage kashe kuɗi yayin da suke ƙara yawan kuzari68.
3. Faɗin Tasirin Masana'antu
Sake fasalin Sarkar Samar da Kayayyaki: Sama da kashi 30% na kamfanonin samar da batura na iya fita daga kasuwa saboda matsalolin fasaha da na kuɗi, yayin da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu kera motoci da shugabannin fasaha (misali, CATL da BYD) zai zurfafa12.
Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masana'antu: Ci gaban tsaro a cikin batirin NEV yana yaduwa zuwa tsarin adana makamashi (ESS), inda aikace-aikacen sikelin grid suna buƙatar irin wannan amincin "ba wuta, babu fashewa".
Jagorancin Duniya: Ka'idojin China sun shirya yin tasiri ga ƙa'idodin duniya, inda kamfanoni kamar Xinmeixin ke fitar da fasahar na'urorin haƙar hydrogen zuwa kasuwannin duniya5.
Kammalawa
Ma'aunin GB38031-2025 yana wakiltar wani mataki na canji ga ɓangaren NEV na ƙasar Sin, inda aminci da kirkire-kirkire suka haɗu. Ga masana'antun batir, rayuwa ta dogara ne akan ƙwarewar sarrafa zafi da kimiyyar kayan aiki. Ga masu haɓaka BMS, makomar tana cikin tsarin masu hankali, masu haɗin gajimare waɗanda ke kawar da haɗari maimakon mayar da martani ga su. Yayin da masana'antar ke canzawa daga "ci gaba a kowane hali" zuwa ƙirƙira "ta farko-farko", kamfanonin da ke saka waɗannan ƙa'idodi a cikin DNA ɗinsu za su jagoranci zamani na gaba na motsi mai ɗorewa.
Ku kasance tare da mu don samun ƙarin bayani game da ci gaban dokoki da fasahohin zamani da ke tsara makomar sabbin motocin makamashi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-22-2025
