Gabatarwa
Ma'aikatar masana'antu da fasahar watsa labaru ta kasar Sin (MIIT) kwanan nan ta fitar da ma'aunin GB38031-2025, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "mafi tsananin umarnin kiyaye batir," wanda ya ba da umarnin cewa duk sabbin motocin makamashi (NEVs) dole ne su cimma "babu wuta, ba fashewa" a cikin matsanancin yanayi nan da 1 ga Yuli, 2026126. Anan, muna bincika buƙatun fasaha na batura da madaidaicin ci gaba a cikin Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS) don fuskantar waɗannan ƙalubale.
1. Maɗaukakin Matsayin Tsaro don Batir NEV
Ma'auni na GB38031-2025 yana gabatar da maƙasudai masu tsauri waɗanda ke sake fasalta amincin baturi:
- Rigakafin Runaway na thermal: Batura dole ne su yi tsayin daka da matsanancin yanayi, gami da shigar farce, caji mai yawa, da yanayin zafi mai zafi, ba tare da kama wuta ko fashe ba na aƙalla mintuna 6016. Wannan yana kawar da tunanin "lokacin tserewa" da ya gabata, yana buƙatar aminci na zahiri a tsawon rayuwar baturi.
- Ingantattun Tsari Tsari: Sabbin gwaje-gwaje, kamar juriya na tasiri na ƙasa (kwaikwaiyon tarkacen tarkacen hanya) da ƙididdigar aminci na sake zagayowar bayan-sauri, tabbatar da ƙarfi a cikin yanayi na ainihi26.
- Material and Energy Density Haɓaka: Ma'aunin yana tilasta ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfi na 125 Wh/kg don batirin lithium iron phosphate (LFP), yana tura masana'antun su ɗauki kayan haɓakawa kamar nano-insulation layers da yumbu coatings16.
Waɗannan buƙatun za su hanzarta kawar da ƙananan masana'anta yayin da suke ƙarfafa ikon shugabannin masana'antu kamar CATL da BYD, waɗanda fasaharsu (misali, CATL's CTP 3.0 da Batirin Blade na BYD) sun riga sun daidaita tare da sabbin ka'idoji26.
2. Juyin Halittar BMS: Daga Sa-ido zuwa Amintaccen Tsaro
A matsayin "kwakwalwa" na tsarin baturi, BMS dole ne ya samo asali don biyan bukatun GB38031-2025. Mahimman abubuwan sun haɗa da:
a. Takaddar Tsaro Mafi Girma
BMS dole ne ya cimma mafi girman matakin amincin motoci (ASIL-D a ƙarƙashin ISO 26262) don tabbatar da rashin amincin ayyukan. Misali, BMS na ƙarni na huɗu na BAIC New Energy, wanda aka tabbatar da ASIL-D a cikin 2024, yana rage ƙimar gazawar kayan masarufi da kashi 90% ta hanyar sa ido na ainihi da ƙirar sakewa3. Irin waɗannan tsarin suna da mahimmanci don gano kuskure da wuri da hana guduwar zafi.
b. Haɗuwa da Fasahar Haɓakawa
Hanyoyin faɗakarwa da wuri suna da mahimmanci. Na'urori masu auna sigina, kamar waɗanda Xinmeixin ya haɓaka, suna gano hayaƙin iskar gas (misali, H₂) a lokacin guduwar zafi na farkon matakin, yana ba da faɗakarwa har zuwa mintuna 400 na gaba. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin MEMS, waɗanda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin AEC-Q100, suna ba da hankali sosai da dorewa, yana ba da damar ingantaccen farashi, hanyoyin aminci na matakin fakitin5.
c. Cloud-Enabled BMS da AI-Driven Ingantawa
Haɗin kai na girgije yana ba da damar nazarin bayanai na lokaci-lokaci da kiyaye tsinkaya. Kamfanoni kamar NXP Semiconductors suna yin amfani da tagwayen dijital na tushen girgije don haɓaka algorithms, haɓaka ƙimar caji (SOC) da ƙimar ƙimar lafiya (SOH) ta 12%7. Wannan motsi yana haɓaka sarrafa jiragen ruwa kuma yana ba da damar daidaita tsarin caji, ƙara tsawon rayuwar baturi.
d. Ƙirƙirar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfafa Ƙa'idar Biyayya
Haɗuwa da sabbin ƙa'idodi na iya ƙara farashin tsarin baturi da kashi 15-20% saboda haɓaka kayan aiki (misali, masu hana wutan lantarki) da sake fasalin tsari2. Koyaya, sabbin abubuwa kamar fasahar CTP na zamani na CATL da sauƙaƙe tsarin sarrafa zafi suna taimakawa rage kashe kuɗi yayin haɓaka yawan kuzari68.
3. Faɗin Faɗin Masana'antu
l Sake fasalin Sarkar Bayarwa: Sama da kashi 30% na ƙananan kamfanonin batir-matsakaici na iya fita kasuwa saboda matsalolin fasaha da na kuɗi, yayin da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu kera motoci da shugabannin fasaha (misali, CATL da BYD) za su zurfafa12.
l Haɗin Kan Masana'antu: Ci gaban aminci a cikin batir NEV yana zubewa cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi (ESS), inda aikace-aikacen sikelin grid ke buƙatar irin wannan "babu wuta, babu fashewa" aminci2.
l Jagorancin Duniya: Ka'idodin kasar Sin sun shirya don yin tasiri ga ka'idojin duniya, tare da kamfanoni kamar Xinmeixin suna fitar da fasahohin firikwensin hydrogen zuwa kasuwannin duniya5.
Kammalawa
Ma'auni na GB38031-2025 yana wakiltar lokaci mai canzawa ga sashin NEV na kasar Sin, inda aminci da sabbin abubuwa ke haɗuwa. Ga masu kera batir, rayuwa ta dogara ne akan ƙwarewar sarrafa zafi da kimiyyar kayan aiki. Ga masu haɓaka BMS, makomar gaba ta ta'allaka ne ga tsarin fasaha, haɗin gwiwar girgije wanda ke tsara haɗari maimakon amsawa gare su. Yayin da masana'antu ke canzawa daga "girma a kowane farashi" zuwa "lafiya-farko" ƙirƙira, kamfanonin da suka shigar da waɗannan ka'idoji a cikin DNA ɗin su zasu jagoranci zamani na gaba na motsi mai dorewa.
Kasance tare don ƙarin sabuntawa game da ci gaban ka'idoji da fasahohin zamani waɗanda ke tsara makomar sabbin motocin makamashi.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-22-2025
