Batirin wutar lantarki ana kiransa zuciyar abin hawan lantarki; alama, kayan aiki, iya aiki, aikin aminci, da dai sauransu na baturin abin hawa na lantarki sun zama mahimmanci "girma" da "ma'auni" don auna motar lantarki. A halin yanzu, farashin baturi na abin hawa lantarki gabaɗaya shine 30% -40% na duk abin hawa, wanda za'a iya cewa kayan haɗi ne na asali!
A halin yanzu, manyan batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki a kasuwa gabaɗaya sun kasu zuwa nau'i biyu: baturan lithium na ternary da batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe. Na gaba, bari in yi nazari a taƙaice bambance-bambance da fa'ida da rashin amfanin batura biyu:
1. Kayayyaki daban-daban:
Dalilin da yasa ake kiransa "ternary lithium" da "lithium iron phosphate" galibi yana nufin sinadarai na "positive electrode material" na baturin wuta;
"Tarnary lithium":
Kayan cathode yana amfani da lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li(NiCoMn)O2) kayan ternary cathode don baturan lithium. Wannan abu ya haɗu da fa'idodin lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide da lithium manganate, suna samar da tsarin eutectic mai kashi uku na kayan uku. Saboda tasirin haɗin gwiwa na ternary, cikakken aikin sa ya fi kowane mahaɗin haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya.
"Lithium iron phosphate":
yana nufin baturan lithium-ion ta amfani da lithium iron phosphate a matsayin kayan cathode. Siffofinsa shi ne cewa ba ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu daraja irin su cobalt, farashin ɗanyen abu ba shi da yawa, kuma albarkatun phosphorus da baƙin ƙarfe suna da yawa a cikin ƙasa, don haka ba za a sami matsalar wadata ba.
taƙaitawa
Kayayyakin lithium na ternary ba su da yawa kuma suna tashi tare da saurin haɓakar motocin lantarki. Farashinsu yana da girma kuma ana iyakance su sosai ta hanyar albarkatun ƙasa. Wannan sifa ce ta ternary lithium a halin yanzu;
Lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate, saboda yana amfani da ƙananan rabo na ƙananan ƙarfe / masu daraja kuma galibi arha ne da ɗimbin ƙarfe, ya fi arha fiye da batir lithium na ternary kuma albarkatun ƙasa na sama ba su da tasiri. Wannan shi ne halayensa.
2. Yawan kuzari daban-daban:
"Batir lithium na ternary": Saboda amfani da ƙarin abubuwa na ƙarfe masu aiki, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi na lithium na yau da kullun shine gabaɗaya (140wh/kg ~ 160 wh/kg), wanda yayi ƙasa da na batura na ternary tare da babban rabo na nickel ( 160 wut/kg～kilogiram 180; wasu nauyin makamashi mai nauyi na iya kaiwa 180Wh-240Wh/kg.
"Lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate": The makamashi yawa ne kullum 90-110 W/kg; wasu sabbin batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe, irin su batura ruwan ruwa, suna da ƙarfin kuzari har zuwa 120W/kg-140W/kg.
taƙaitawa
Babban fa'idar "batir lithium na ternary" akan "lithium iron phosphate" shine yawan kuzarinsa da saurin caji.
3. Canjin yanayin zafi daban-daban:
Juriya mara ƙarancin zafin jiki:
Baturin lithium na ternary: Baturin lithium na ternary yana da kyakkyawan aikin ƙarancin zafin jiki kuma yana iya kula da kusan 70% ~ 80% na ƙarfin baturi na al'ada a -20°C.
Lithium iron phosphate: Ba mai jure yanayin zafi ba: Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasa -10°C,
Lithium iron phosphate batura suna lalacewa da sauri. Lithium iron phosphate baturi zai iya kula da kusan 50% zuwa 60% na al'ada ƙarfin baturi a -20°C.
taƙaitawa
Akwai babban bambanci a daidaita yanayin zafin jiki tsakanin "batir lithium baturi" da "lithium iron phosphate"; "lithium iron phosphate" ya fi jure yanayin zafi; kuma “batir lithium na ternary” mai ƙarancin zafin jiki yana da mafi kyawun rayuwar batir a yankunan arewa ko hunturu.
4. Tsawon rayuwa daban-daban:
Idan ragowar ƙarfin / ƙarfin farko = 80% ana amfani dashi azaman ƙarshen gwajin, gwada:
Fakitin baturin phosphate na Lithium baƙin ƙarfe suna da tsawon rayuwan zagayowar fiye da batirin gubar-acid da baturan lithium na ternary. “Mafi tsayin rayuwa” na batirin gubar-acid da ke ɗauke da abin hawanmu kusan sau 300 ne kawai; baturin lithium na ternary na iya ɗaukar nauyi har sau 2,000, amma a ainihin amfani, ƙarfin zai lalace zuwa 60% bayan kusan sau 1,000; kuma ainihin rayuwar batirin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate shine sau 2000, har yanzu akwai iya aiki na 95% a wannan lokacin, kuma yanayin sake zagayowar tunaninsa ya kai fiye da sau 3000.
taƙaitawa
Batura masu ƙarfi sune kolin fasaha na batura. Duk nau'ikan batirin lithium duka suna da ɗan ɗorewa. A bisa ka'ida, tsawon rayuwar baturi lithium na ternary shine cajin 2,000 da zagayowar fitarwa. Ko da muna cajin shi sau ɗaya a rana, yana iya ɗaukar fiye da shekaru 5.
5. Farashin sun bambanta:
Tun da lithium baƙin ƙarfe batura ba su ƙunshi kayan ƙarfe masu daraja ba, ana iya rage farashin albarkatun ƙasa sosai. Batirin lithium na ternary suna amfani da lithium nickel cobalt manganate a matsayin ingantaccen kayan lantarki da graphite azaman kayan lantarki mara kyau, don haka farashi ya fi tsada fiye da batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe.
Batirin lithium na ternary ya fi amfani da ternary cathode abu na "lithium nickel cobalt manganate" ko "lithium nickel cobalt aluminate" a matsayin tabbataccen lantarki, yafi amfani da gishiri nickel, cobalt gishiri, da manganese gishiri a matsayin albarkatun kasa. The "cobalt element" a cikin wadannan biyu cathode kayayyakin ne mai daraja karfe. Dangane da bayanai daga gidajen yanar gizon da suka dace, farashin bayanin gida na ƙarfe na cobalt ya kai yuan 413,000 / ton, kuma tare da raguwar kayan, farashin yana ci gaba da hauhawa. A halin yanzu, farashin batirin lithium na ternary shine yuan 0.85-1, kuma a halin yanzu yana haɓaka tare da buƙatar kasuwa; Farashin batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe waɗanda ba su ƙunshi abubuwan ƙarfe masu daraja ba kusan 0.58-0.6 yuan/wh.
taƙaitawa
Tun da "lithium iron phosphate" ba ya ƙunshi karafa masu daraja irin su cobalt, farashinsa sau 0.5-0.7 ne kawai na batir lithium na ternary; farashi mai arha shine babban fa'idar lithium iron phosphate.
Takaita
Dalilin da ya sa motocin lantarki suka bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma suna wakiltar alkiblar ci gaban mota a nan gaba, yana ba masu amfani da kwarewa mafi kyau, yawanci saboda ci gaba da bunkasa fasahar baturi.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-28-2023
